Make Ozone Part of Your Pool Startup

May 15th, 2012

It’s that time of year again, when we see articles giving advice on how to open your pool. They list cleaning and cover maintenance ideas, pump and equipment tips, and water chemistry routines to help you get started.

None of the ones we’ve seen talks about the annual maintenance of your pool ozone generator, though.  So we are filling the gap here with a few basic tasks you should do to ensure that your ozone system is working away silently and automatically to keep your pool water fresh and sparkly.

 

Monthly Maintenance Tasks

When the pool pump is running and the ozonator is turned on, the indicator lights should be green.  If they are red or not glowing at all, check the power supply. If there is still power, you may have an ozone cell problem.

Observe the outlet of the return line where it enters the pool while the pump is running and the ozone system is on. You should observe a stream of tiny bubbles. If you cannot see the bubbles, disconnect the ozone delivery tube from the ozone generator, and by putting the tip of your finger over it while the pump is running, you should feel a tiny tug that indicates there is vacuum. If you do not feel the vacuum, either there is not enough water flowing through the return line or there is a blockage in the ozone delivery tube.

Check the ozone delivery tube, including around the check valve.  The check valve must be installed in the proper direction, with the arrow pointing toward the injector valve.  If there are signs of water around the check valve, or above it, stop the system immediately and replace the check valve and ozone supply tubing.

 

Annual Maintenance Tasks

It is a good idea to replace the ozone supply tubing and check valve annually. These inexpensive parts are critical to effective operation, and they can deteriorate.  If there is a leak at any point of this line, insufficient ozone will be delivered to the pool.

About every two years, give or take, you may need to replace the ozone cells.  DEL Ozone corona discharge ozonators are durable and highly reliable, but they have a life of about 15,000 hours runtime.  Depending on how often your pump runs, you may reach this level in two years (of course, knowing your pump timing, you can estimate the number of hours the ozonator runs every day/month/year).  If you have a lesser ozone system, you may need to replace the ozone cell more often.

Give yourself safe, enjoyable water and peace of mind with these basic ozone maintenance steps.


Can You Go Chemical Free with Ozone?

April 27th, 2012

Sometimes we hear of someone using ozone ONLY for a “chemical free” pool, and sometimes we get this question from a customer. Can you get rid of all chemicals and use only ozone to disinfect your pool?

Technically, Yes: Ozone Only is Possible

The short answer is that using a very large ozone generator plus a continuous circulation flow for a 24/7 dosing, you can depend on ozone to keep your pool clean. Chemically, ozone will oxidize everything that you want to control in the pool, from germs and viruses to algae and organic contaminants.

The short answer is not the right one, however. An ozone-only pool would be costly to operate and you would never be able to totally eliminate all chemicals in a real world setting.

Issues with Ozone Only

There are some good reasons why ozone only isn’t practical. For starters, ozone generators operate on electrical current, and a big ozone generator running 24 hours per day would greatly increase your operating costs. Since efficiency is always important, a solution that reduces energy costs (and the unnecessary environmental impact of using more energy), is preferable.

Further, sanitation chemicals are not the only ones you put in your pool, even though that is the majority of it. It’s also important to maintain a balanced pH in the 7.2 – 7.8 range, and that can get out of range for a number of reasons unrelated to the ozone generator. When that happens, to maintain comfort in the pool, you would need to rebalance the pH using chemicals. In other words, total ozone would not completely eliminate the need for testing and dosing the pool

Pool Ozone Works Best with a Residual Sanitizer

Pool specialists sometimes disagree about which sanitizer to use in conjunction with ozone (chlorine, salt water generator, ionizer, etc), but the big majority would not try to run ozone as the only sanitizer in the pool. The advantage of ozone is that it allows a much smaller does of the residual sanitizer, saving money and allowing for a less chemical feel. In fact, most people cannot tell there is chlorine in a pool that is using a proper ozone plus chlorine residual combination.

DEL recommends running a properly sized and properly installed ozone generator, plus keeping a small residual amount of chlorine in the pool. The chlorine residual should test as a free available chlorine level of .5 to 1 ppm, which is about 1/3 what would be needed in a pool primarily sanitized by chlorine. Frequent testing for the chlorine and pH balance are very important. But the total chemical load of this pool sanitation program is low, and comfortable for swimmers.


Safe Storage of Pool Chemicals

April 19th, 2012

Even if you follow the low-chemical sanitation program we recommend, you will inevitably accumulate pool chemicals if you own a pool.  Handling, storing and disposing of these chemicals is a serious issue.  In this post we look at some safe storage ideas, with a couple sources you will find useful.

A great Canadian website sponsored by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety displays the following tips for safe storage of pool chemicals:

  •  Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight.
  • Keep out of reach of children and pets.
  • Store chemicals in original containers (for identification).
  • Be sure your storage area is well ventilated. Vapors may build up under high temperatures, and these may cause nose or throat irritation or even more serious illnesses if inhaled.
  • Never store oxidizers and acid near each other (chlorine near an acid).  [Note to self: use more ozone oxidizer and minimize this risk – DEL comment.]
  • Do not store liquids above powders or solids.  Do not stack containers.
  • Do not store materials or chemicals above your head.
  • Do not store pool chemicals near gasoline, fertilizers, herbicides, grease, paints, tile cleaners, turpentine, or flammable materials.  This tip is especially important when pool chemicals are stored in sheds or small storage rooms.
  • Do not reuse containers.  Wash out the container when empty and then dispose of it.

FYI, this Canadian site also includes tips about chemical hazards and how to deal with them.  Included in this is proper disposal:  just as a reminder, we see stories about taking old pool chemicals to proper disposal sites all the time.  Don’t just drop them in your trash.

A more technical guide to safe handling of pool chemicals is from the US Environmental Protection Agency (download the PDF). This document explains some of the chemical hazards and their consequences you can encounter with pool chemicals, and how to cope with them.  It includes references to other sources and phone numbers for urgent issues.  This is a really useful document.

Minimize your exposure to pool chemical hazards by maintaining your ozone system in good working order. For those necessary chemicals you have to keep, please take these important precautions.


About Ozone Generating Systems

March 22nd, 2012

We thought you might like to read a concise but thorough overview about ozone generating systems.  So here’s a link to our friends at the Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, who published an Information Bulletin on Ozone Generating Systems in their Recreational Water Quality section.  You can download a brief PDF at that link.  For more information about ozone generating systems, visit our aquatics Ozone Sanitation Systems page, and browse through that website, or visit our residential pool site for information specifically geared to private pools.

Full disclosure:  DEL’s VP Beth Hamil contributed to this article.  That’s partly how we know it’s right.

What’s In the Bulletin

The Bulletin begins with a concise statement about pool and spa ozone systems that is worth quoting:

Ozone generating systems are electromechanical devices that generate and dissolve ozone gas into swimming pool or spa water. They provide antimicrobial oxidation for supplemental sanitation, oxidation of organic and inorganic contaminants, chlorine byproduct reduction and algaecide activity. This Information Bulletin examines the properties and the application of these devices.

Ozone systems are engineered for specific applications, and must be installed according to the manufacturer’s specifications.

All pool ozone systems consist of two basic components:  the ozone generator and the control system.  In commercial pools, the control system can be quite complex, including an ozone degas/destruct component and a built in ORP monitor/controller to manage oxidation potential.  Most residential pool systems control the ozone with the automatic vacuum-driven injection method combined with regular, frequent testing of the water for Free Available Chlorine and proper pH balance.  However, DEL Ozone does manufacture the Mixing Degas Vessel for larger residential pool systems to ensure the destruction of potential ozone off-gas.

Ozone destroys microbial organisms and other oxidizable contaminants on contact. Since these interactions occur in the pool water return line, with only very small residuals of ozone reaching the pool water body, the ozone system must be used in conjunction with an EPA registered sanitizer.  Most commonly, this residual sanitizer is chlorine, and chlorine is specified as the primary sanitizer for commercial pools under NSF/ANSI Standard 50.

DEL Systems Comply

The APSP description certainly fits DEL Ozone spa and pool systems. DEL pioneered the development of the first NSF-listed ozone system for commercial pools and spas in 1985, and continues to develop cutting edge systems known for effectiveness and reliability. Residential pool and spa systems by DEL share the engineering expertise and quality of the larger commercial systems.

DEL ozone generating systems provide the foundation for clean, healthy water in all types of pools and spas.


A Simple Pool Water Quality Program

February 13th, 2012

If you are like a lot of residential pool owners, keeping high quality water is your biggest headache.  It’s important for both pleasure and safety. Plus, you can never relax about it because your water balance can get out of whack so quickly, and then restoring it is complicated and time-consuming.

The Ozone Prescription

Here’s the simple ozone-based water quality program we have seen to be successful in hundreds of pools.  This program does simplify pool maintenance because it requires fewer chemicals, beginning with less chlorine.  The ozone sanitation is virtually automatic once the system is properly installed.

  1. Find the right-sized ozone generator for your pool and either make sure it is installed properly yourself or get your pool pro to do it for you.  For an above ground pool, the DEL Big Dipper is appropriate for pools up to 25,000 gallons.  For in ground pools, visit our online in ground ozone pool sizing chart to select the right size for your pool.
  2. Begin with clean water.  This is obvious, we know, but you need to consider both the source water quality and how long your pool has been operating.  If you need to shock the pool to get back to a good starting point, do it.
  3. Run your pool pump at least 8 hours per day (the ozone generator is linked to the pump cycle, and ozone will be introduced only when the pump is running). Running more hours per day means more ozone is injected.
  4. Keep .5 to 1.0 PPM free available chlorine (FAC) in the pool at all times.
  5. Keep your pH in the range of 7.2 – 7.8 (target 7.5).
  6. Test your FAC and pH at least weekly, and more often if experience tells you the balance shifts quickly.

You may be surprised to see that DEL Ozone recommends using chlorine!  The fact is that ozone is so effective that whatever you add to the water is quickly used up in destroying contaminants, and after a short while all you have left is ordinary oxygen (O2).  You need to keep a residual sanitizer in the water to prevent algae and to provide a backstop when new contaminants are put into the water.  The good news is that you will use 50% to 90% less chlorine than a comparable chlorine-only pool.

How About Zero Chlorine?

We see the ads for ‘No Chlorine’ pool sanitation, too.  Ion systems in particular claim to provide no chlorine options, but ions are not effective against organic pollutants like urine and lotions, which will exist in almost every pool.  Ozone is perfectly compatible with ionizers, and provides the oxidation power you need to completely clean the water, so you might run a system with ozone + ions rather than ozone + chlorine.  However, a low level of chlorine is simpler to maintain, and easier to manage.

Bottom line:  Why Choose Ozone?

You can see a more complete comparison of ozone to other sanitizers on our alternative sanitizer page online.  However, the most important comparison is always with chlorine since it is so widely used.  Ozone will give you sweeter water and easier maintenance, but the most important thing is safety.  Ozone kills microorganisms fast and effectively.  Take a look at this chart from the Centers for Disease Control showing how chlorine kills common pool pathogens.

Chlorine Disinfection Fails in Critical Ways

Slow Chlorine Disinfection Cannot Provide Safety

Chlorine takes a LONG time to kill these pathogens.  Ozone is almost instantaneous.

So, make sure you have ozone for the heavy lifting.  And keep a little chlorine in the water to complete the spectrum of security you want.

Happy swimming!


One More Time: Swimming, Chlorine and Asthma

January 2nd, 2012

We have seen that association between swimming and asthma so often over the past 10 to 20 years that it is one of those things we begin to take for granted. But be alert to the fact that just because something is repeated over and over does not necessarily mean it is true. If you thought that swimming led to exercise-induced asthma, here’s a perspective you should know about.

It’s the Chemicals, Not the Exercise

In a post dated December 8, 2011 in About.com, Allan Finney updates a report on 10-year old research into the connection between swimming and asthmatic symptoms. The basic finding is that the chlorine used to sanitize the test pools had “harmful side effects” in the form of chemical byproducts that interfered with normal lung function. In the words of the article:

The problem isn’t the chlorine, but what chlorine turns into when combined with organics. The organics are contributed by bathers in the pool in the form of sweat, dander, urine and other organics. The chlorine reacts with the organics and produces nitrogen trichloride, aldehydes, halogenated hydrocarbons, chloroform, trihalomethanes and chloramines.

This research has been repeated and supported many times over the years. Even though we know the problem is worse in indoor pools, we also know that chlorine byproducts are harmful (and we have posted on chlorine disinfection byproducts a number of times).

Swimming in Itself is Great Exercise

According to one asthma-related website, “swimming is one of the best forms of exercise for people with asthma because it usually causes the least amount of chest tightness.” Many physicians single out swimming as one of the very best exercises you can do. It induces the right kind of cardiovascular workout for heart health, and it is easier on the muscles and joints than almost any other form of exercise. If the problem with pools is a chemical threat, the solution is to keep swimming but without all the chemicals.

Ozone Oxidizes Organics in Pools

Here’s one of the basic advantages of ozone pool sanitation: ozone is a powerful antimicrobial oxidizer. The “sweat, dander, urine and other organics” Finney’s article mentions are destroyed by ozone, thereby reducing the potential production of hazardous chlorine byproducts.

In addition, ozone pool sanitation allows you to maintain healthy pool water with far fewer chemicals to begin with, providing water that is fresher smelling and feeling. This is a virtuous cycle that allows you to enjoy the benefits of swimming without the dangers of chemical byproducts.


New Pool Energy Efficiency Standards May Save You Money

December 22nd, 2011

One good side effect of the awareness of climate change is a trend to improve the energy efficiency of all kinds of appliances and tools.  In the case of pools, the Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, in coordination with ANSI, has recently issued newly updated energy efficiency standards for residential pools and inground spas, focusing on the pool filtration system, and especially the pump.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 2011

The title is a mouthful:  American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency.  So is the price, if you buy it from APSP:  $65 for members and a whopping $350 for others. There is very little description of these standards available from the typical online sources.

A press release by the APSP (find a link to it on this page) says the standards will provide “uniform testing and reporting” specifications for manufacturers, plus installation specifications for pool professionals.  These standards will become more common and more binding as states adopt them as part of their own building codes.  Florida has already adopted this new standard, making it effective March 15, 2012.

Consumers Get the Benefits

The good news for consumers is that the standards will make it easier to find energy efficient pool pumps and other equipment.  Manufacturers who begin to match the new standards and want to promote it will have access to an online page provided by the APSP beginning sometime in the winter of 2011-2012.  This source will allow consumers to view and compare manufacturers and pump performance data.

Energy Efficiency and DEL Ozone

DEL Ozone was the first ozone disinfection system manufacturer to make an ozone injection system that would run with more energy efficient variable speed pumps.  Most other ozone systems work only on the high-speed pump cycle, reducing their effectiveness in sanitizing the water.  With the DEL variable speed injector, ozone is being dissolved in pool water at all pump speeds, greatly increasing the contact time between ozone and potential contaminants.

With DEL Ozone systems, you will get highly effective disinfection that is green in terms of energy efficiency as well as chemical use reduction and elimination of harmful byproducts.


Stop Swimmer’s Ear Before it Starts

September 14th, 2011

Commercial pool operators might think about swimmer’s ear, but a lot of residential pool owners don’t. If your family uses your pool regularly, you should know how to prevent this disease (it’s medical name is Otitis Externa). According to the Centers for Disease Control, it affects millions of people, mostly kids, every year and costs about half a billion dollars in medical expenses.

In broad terms, swimmer’s ear prevention has two components:

  1. Keep the pool water clean, and as free of microbial contaminants as possible.
  2. Try to keep pool water out of the ear, and if it does get in there, dry the ear immediately after swimming.

What is Swimmer’s Ear?

Swimmer’s ear is an infection of the outer ear and ear canal caused by bacteria that entered the ear from pool water (actually, the disease can be caused by germs carried into the ear from any water source, but pools typically have a higher microbial load than tap water or other water sources). The image provided by emedicinehealth illustrates the ear structures that can be infected.

Image from eMedicineHealth shows cutaway of the inner ear.

Swimmer's Ear Shows Inflammation in Outer & Inner Ear

The infection develops when bacteria penetrate the ear canal and are left there long enough to multiply to an infectious level. Usually this condition is mild and can be treated with at home care, though it can develop into more serious ailments, especially among people who have diabetes or weakened immune systems. Note that swimmer’s ear causes a painful outer ear, which helps to distinguish the disease from the common childhood middle ear infections.

How to Prevent Swimmer’s Ear

The CDC cautions pool owners to make sure the pool water is sufficiently disinfected to reduce the threat of swimmer’s ear. Although the CDC talks about ensuring there is enough chlorine in the water and that the pH is balanced, an obvious alternative would be to use pool ozone disinfection that has more powerful anti-microbial effects than chlorine, and operates automatically with the pump cycle.

Behavioral prevention is also important. One option is to try to keep the ear dry with a cap or ear covers or plugs. After swimming, dry the ears thoroughly with a clean towel (not a cotton-tip swab or anything that penetrates the ear canal). If an infection occurs anyway, see your doctor.


Ozone is a Safety Device for Residential Pools

August 30th, 2011

Sometimes we hear concerns from people about ozone because they think it’s always “bad” or “dangerous”.  Simply not true.

The truth about ozone is that in controlled applications like in your residential swimming pool, it is one of the best things on the planet for supporting human quality of life. It is a powerful, natural sanitizer that helps to keep your pool water clean, fresh and safe for you and your children.  Plus, it allows you to reduce the use of harsh pool chemicals, saving money and hazardous waste disposal.

The other side of ozone is that it is not healthy to inhale too much of it, especially if you have a respiratory disease or disability.  It’s one thing to smell that fresh scent of ozone after lightning passes through the atmosphere, but another to have a lot of it trapped in the lower atmosphere due the exhaust fumes of fossil fuel combustion. In fact, those infamous “ozone alerts” you have heard of stem from the EPA’s regulations of ozone concentrations in metro areas.  The only way to reduce high concentrations of ozone is for people and businesses to drive less.

Ozone Makes Pools Safer

Ozone sanitation actually makes residential pools safer.  The obvious way is due to ozone’s superior effectiveness in killing microorganisms that are unhealthy for people, especially young children and elderly adults.

There are some less obvious reasons ozone improves pool safety:

It works automatically.  When your ozone system is properly installed to run on the pump cycle, it is cleaning your pool water day in and day out.  You don’t have to remember to add chlorine or test the water to know that the ozone is working.

Fewer chemicals means less potential hazard.  We were amazed at how many newspaper articles were published across the country during spring cleanup that encouraged people to take hazardous wastes, including extra pool chemicals, to the proper disposal sites.

Another benefit from fewer chemicals is the lower possibility of a chemical dosing error.  Too much chlorine is uncomfortable, and sometimes unhealthy.  We see this happening mostly in larger commercial pools or waterparks, but anytime the pool’s sanitation depends on harsh chemicals, errors like this can be made.

Ozone does not produce noxious byproducts like chlorine does.  Science shows that chlorinated pools can create chloramines and other chemical byproducts, some of which have been linked to cancer or pre-cancerous changes in skin or respiratory cells.

Ozone Pool Systems are Safe

The ozone injected into your pool by an advanced system like the ones made by DEL are safe.  When properly installed, they do not generate off-gas that could damage pool accessories or be inhaled by bathers.

Ask us more about the safety performance of DEL pool ozone systems in the Eclipse line for residential pools.


Comment on this Pool and Spa Code

July 25th, 2011

The APSP News just announced that the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (ISPSC) is open for comments through August 12, 2011. This code has already gone through one round of comments, so this round is intended to address issues raised in a meeting of the International Code Council in Dallas in mid-May.  Your comments will be considered at a Final Action Hearing in early November in Phoenix (exact date to be determined).

For more background on this code plus two other codes pool owners and operators must comply with, see our earlier post on the Aquatics Blog.

APSP members are asked to email Jennifer Hatfield with suggestions for comments the APSP should consider by August 1, 2011.

Find a copy of the code draft with hearing comments in this PDF on the International Code Council website (download in a new window). Comments can be submitted directly to the ICC by mail or email at:

ICC
Chicago District Office
4051 West Flossmoor Road
Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795

publiccomments@iccsafe.org

Remember:  this code may be considered for adoption in your state within the next few years.  Now is the time to review it and ask for changes.


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