A Simple Pool Water Quality Program

February 13th, 2012

If you are like a lot of residential pool owners, keeping high quality water is your biggest headache.  It’s important for both pleasure and safety. Plus, you can never relax about it because your water balance can get out of whack so quickly, and then restoring it is complicated and time-consuming.

The Ozone Prescription

Here’s the simple ozone-based water quality program we have seen to be successful in hundreds of pools.  This program does simplify pool maintenance because it requires fewer chemicals, beginning with less chlorine.  The ozone sanitation is virtually automatic once the system is properly installed.

  1. Find the right-sized ozone generator for your pool and either make sure it is installed properly yourself or get your pool pro to do it for you.  For an above ground pool, the DEL Big Dipper is appropriate for pools up to 25,000 gallons.  For in ground pools, visit our online in ground ozone pool sizing chart to select the right size for your pool.
  2. Begin with clean water.  This is obvious, we know, but you need to consider both the source water quality and how long your pool has been operating.  If you need to shock the pool to get back to a good starting point, do it.
  3. Run your pool pump at least 8 hours per day (the ozone generator is linked to the pump cycle, and ozone will be introduced only when the pump is running). Running more hours per day means more ozone is injected.
  4. Keep .5 to 1.0 PPM free available chlorine (FAC) in the pool at all times.
  5. Keep your pH in the range of 7.2 – 7.8 (target 7.5).
  6. Test your FAC and pH at least weekly, and more often if experience tells you the balance shifts quickly.

You may be surprised to see that DEL Ozone recommends using chlorine!  The fact is that ozone is so effective that whatever you add to the water is quickly used up in destroying contaminants, and after a short while all you have left is ordinary oxygen (O2).  You need to keep a residual sanitizer in the water to prevent algae and to provide a backstop when new contaminants are put into the water.  The good news is that you will use 50% to 90% less chlorine than a comparable chlorine-only pool.

How About Zero Chlorine?

We see the ads for ‘No Chlorine’ pool sanitation, too.  Ion systems in particular claim to provide no chlorine options, but ions are not effective against organic pollutants like urine and lotions, which will exist in almost every pool.  Ozone is perfectly compatible with ionizers, and provides the oxidation power you need to completely clean the water, so you might run a system with ozone + ions rather than ozone + chlorine.  However, a low level of chlorine is simpler to maintain, and easier to manage.

Bottom line:  Why Choose Ozone?

You can see a more complete comparison of ozone to other sanitizers on our alternative sanitizer page online.  However, the most important comparison is always with chlorine since it is so widely used.  Ozone will give you sweeter water and easier maintenance, but the most important thing is safety.  Ozone kills microorganisms fast and effectively.  Take a look at this chart from the Centers for Disease Control showing how chlorine kills common pool pathogens.

Chlorine Disinfection Fails in Critical Ways

Slow Chlorine Disinfection Cannot Provide Safety

Chlorine takes a LONG time to kill these pathogens.  Ozone is almost instantaneous.

So, make sure you have ozone for the heavy lifting.  And keep a little chlorine in the water to complete the spectrum of security you want.

Happy swimming!


One More Time: Swimming, Chlorine and Asthma

January 2nd, 2012

We have seen that association between swimming and asthma so often over the past 10 to 20 years that it is one of those things we begin to take for granted. But be alert to the fact that just because something is repeated over and over does not necessarily mean it is true. If you thought that swimming led to exercise-induced asthma, here’s a perspective you should know about.

It’s the Chemicals, Not the Exercise

In a post dated December 8, 2011 in About.com, Allan Finney updates a report on 10-year old research into the connection between swimming and asthmatic symptoms. The basic finding is that the chlorine used to sanitize the test pools had “harmful side effects” in the form of chemical byproducts that interfered with normal lung function. In the words of the article:

The problem isn’t the chlorine, but what chlorine turns into when combined with organics. The organics are contributed by bathers in the pool in the form of sweat, dander, urine and other organics. The chlorine reacts with the organics and produces nitrogen trichloride, aldehydes, halogenated hydrocarbons, chloroform, trihalomethanes and chloramines.

This research has been repeated and supported many times over the years. Even though we know the problem is worse in indoor pools, we also know that chlorine byproducts are harmful (and we have posted on chlorine disinfection byproducts a number of times).

Swimming in Itself is Great Exercise

According to one asthma-related website, “swimming is one of the best forms of exercise for people with asthma because it usually causes the least amount of chest tightness.” Many physicians single out swimming as one of the very best exercises you can do. It induces the right kind of cardiovascular workout for heart health, and it is easier on the muscles and joints than almost any other form of exercise. If the problem with pools is a chemical threat, the solution is to keep swimming but without all the chemicals.

Ozone Oxidizes Organics in Pools

Here’s one of the basic advantages of ozone pool sanitation: ozone is a powerful antimicrobial oxidizer. The “sweat, dander, urine and other organics” Finney’s article mentions are destroyed by ozone, thereby reducing the potential production of hazardous chlorine byproducts.

In addition, ozone pool sanitation allows you to maintain healthy pool water with far fewer chemicals to begin with, providing water that is fresher smelling and feeling. This is a virtuous cycle that allows you to enjoy the benefits of swimming without the dangers of chemical byproducts.


New Pool Energy Efficiency Standards May Save You Money

December 22nd, 2011

One good side effect of the awareness of climate change is a trend to improve the energy efficiency of all kinds of appliances and tools.  In the case of pools, the Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, in coordination with ANSI, has recently issued newly updated energy efficiency standards for residential pools and inground spas, focusing on the pool filtration system, and especially the pump.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 2011

The title is a mouthful:  American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency.  So is the price, if you buy it from APSP:  $65 for members and a whopping $350 for others. There is very little description of these standards available from the typical online sources.

A press release by the APSP (find a link to it on this page) says the standards will provide “uniform testing and reporting” specifications for manufacturers, plus installation specifications for pool professionals.  These standards will become more common and more binding as states adopt them as part of their own building codes.  Florida has already adopted this new standard, making it effective March 15, 2012.

Consumers Get the Benefits

The good news for consumers is that the standards will make it easier to find energy efficient pool pumps and other equipment.  Manufacturers who begin to match the new standards and want to promote it will have access to an online page provided by the APSP beginning sometime in the winter of 2011-2012.  This source will allow consumers to view and compare manufacturers and pump performance data.

Energy Efficiency and DEL Ozone

DEL Ozone was the first ozone disinfection system manufacturer to make an ozone injection system that would run with more energy efficient variable speed pumps.  Most other ozone systems work only on the high-speed pump cycle, reducing their effectiveness in sanitizing the water.  With the DEL variable speed injector, ozone is being dissolved in pool water at all pump speeds, greatly increasing the contact time between ozone and potential contaminants.

With DEL Ozone systems, you will get highly effective disinfection that is green in terms of energy efficiency as well as chemical use reduction and elimination of harmful byproducts.


Stop Swimmer’s Ear Before it Starts

September 14th, 2011

Commercial pool operators might think about swimmer’s ear, but a lot of residential pool owners don’t. If your family uses your pool regularly, you should know how to prevent this disease (it’s medical name is Otitis Externa). According to the Centers for Disease Control, it affects millions of people, mostly kids, every year and costs about half a billion dollars in medical expenses.

In broad terms, swimmer’s ear prevention has two components:

  1. Keep the pool water clean, and as free of microbial contaminants as possible.
  2. Try to keep pool water out of the ear, and if it does get in there, dry the ear immediately after swimming.

What is Swimmer’s Ear?

Swimmer’s ear is an infection of the outer ear and ear canal caused by bacteria that entered the ear from pool water (actually, the disease can be caused by germs carried into the ear from any water source, but pools typically have a higher microbial load than tap water or other water sources). The image provided by emedicinehealth illustrates the ear structures that can be infected.

Image from eMedicineHealth shows cutaway of the inner ear.

Swimmer's Ear Shows Inflammation in Outer & Inner Ear

The infection develops when bacteria penetrate the ear canal and are left there long enough to multiply to an infectious level. Usually this condition is mild and can be treated with at home care, though it can develop into more serious ailments, especially among people who have diabetes or weakened immune systems. Note that swimmer’s ear causes a painful outer ear, which helps to distinguish the disease from the common childhood middle ear infections.

How to Prevent Swimmer’s Ear

The CDC cautions pool owners to make sure the pool water is sufficiently disinfected to reduce the threat of swimmer’s ear. Although the CDC talks about ensuring there is enough chlorine in the water and that the pH is balanced, an obvious alternative would be to use pool ozone disinfection that has more powerful anti-microbial effects than chlorine, and operates automatically with the pump cycle.

Behavioral prevention is also important. One option is to try to keep the ear dry with a cap or ear covers or plugs. After swimming, dry the ears thoroughly with a clean towel (not a cotton-tip swab or anything that penetrates the ear canal). If an infection occurs anyway, see your doctor.


Ozone is a Safety Device for Residential Pools

August 30th, 2011

Sometimes we hear concerns from people about ozone because they think it’s always “bad” or “dangerous”.  Simply not true.

The truth about ozone is that in controlled applications like in your residential swimming pool, it is one of the best things on the planet for supporting human quality of life. It is a powerful, natural sanitizer that helps to keep your pool water clean, fresh and safe for you and your children.  Plus, it allows you to reduce the use of harsh pool chemicals, saving money and hazardous waste disposal.

The other side of ozone is that it is not healthy to inhale too much of it, especially if you have a respiratory disease or disability.  It’s one thing to smell that fresh scent of ozone after lightning passes through the atmosphere, but another to have a lot of it trapped in the lower atmosphere due the exhaust fumes of fossil fuel combustion. In fact, those infamous “ozone alerts” you have heard of stem from the EPA’s regulations of ozone concentrations in metro areas.  The only way to reduce high concentrations of ozone is for people and businesses to drive less.

Ozone Makes Pools Safer

Ozone sanitation actually makes residential pools safer.  The obvious way is due to ozone’s superior effectiveness in killing microorganisms that are unhealthy for people, especially young children and elderly adults.

There are some less obvious reasons ozone improves pool safety:

It works automatically.  When your ozone system is properly installed to run on the pump cycle, it is cleaning your pool water day in and day out.  You don’t have to remember to add chlorine or test the water to know that the ozone is working.

Fewer chemicals means less potential hazard.  We were amazed at how many newspaper articles were published across the country during spring cleanup that encouraged people to take hazardous wastes, including extra pool chemicals, to the proper disposal sites.

Another benefit from fewer chemicals is the lower possibility of a chemical dosing error.  Too much chlorine is uncomfortable, and sometimes unhealthy.  We see this happening mostly in larger commercial pools or waterparks, but anytime the pool’s sanitation depends on harsh chemicals, errors like this can be made.

Ozone does not produce noxious byproducts like chlorine does.  Science shows that chlorinated pools can create chloramines and other chemical byproducts, some of which have been linked to cancer or pre-cancerous changes in skin or respiratory cells.

Ozone Pool Systems are Safe

The ozone injected into your pool by an advanced system like the ones made by DEL are safe.  When properly installed, they do not generate off-gas that could damage pool accessories or be inhaled by bathers.

Ask us more about the safety performance of DEL pool ozone systems in the Eclipse line for residential pools.


Comment on this Pool and Spa Code

July 25th, 2011

The APSP News just announced that the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (ISPSC) is open for comments through August 12, 2011. This code has already gone through one round of comments, so this round is intended to address issues raised in a meeting of the International Code Council in Dallas in mid-May.  Your comments will be considered at a Final Action Hearing in early November in Phoenix (exact date to be determined).

For more background on this code plus two other codes pool owners and operators must comply with, see our earlier post on the Aquatics Blog.

APSP members are asked to email Jennifer Hatfield with suggestions for comments the APSP should consider by August 1, 2011.

Find a copy of the code draft with hearing comments in this PDF on the International Code Council website (download in a new window). Comments can be submitted directly to the ICC by mail or email at:

ICC
Chicago District Office
4051 West Flossmoor Road
Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795

publiccomments@iccsafe.org

Remember:  this code may be considered for adoption in your state within the next few years.  Now is the time to review it and ask for changes.


Automatic Pool Sanitation – Truth or Mirage?

June 28th, 2011

Over the past weekend, we visited friends in Phoenix who own a nice backyard pool (inground in this case) with a spa attached and sharing the circulation system. Bob took me out for a ride on his new motorcycle, but we had to make a stop at his pool dealer as part of the deal.

Turns out Bob isn’t very good at testing his own water. Luckily, his good dealer offers a free testing service, so once a week Bob fills a water bottle and takes it over, waits in line, waits for the test, and then buys or notes whatever chemicals he needs to restore his pool balance. When he gets home, his first task (when he remembers it) is to add the needed chemicals and set the timer delay for pool occupancy to make sure the water has absorbed the new dose and achieved its “balance.”

Give me Automatic!

What Bob would give for an automatic water balancer! Unfortunately, such a thing doesn’t exist, at least not in a perfect form.  We sometimes refer to ozone as the automatic sanitizer because the ozone machine is purifying the pool with no work on your part – that much is truly automatic.

But even with ozone, you will need to test your water and at least make sure there is a minimal level of Free Available Chlorine in the background.  We recommend .5 to 1 ppm FAC together with your properly sized ozonator to supply the sanitation you need for a safe pool experience.

Simple is Better

Automatic is impossible, but SIMPLE is truly available to you.  The combination of ozone plus a residual chlorine sanitizer is rapidly emerging as the simplest and most effective way to ensure safe, clean pool water.

Remember that ozone reduces chlorine need and that simplifies the chemical properties of your pool water immensely.  In that simple fact, ozone is as close to the automatic pool sanitizer you will find.  By reducing chlorine, you reduce the need to add as much stabilizer, simplify pH balancing, and reduce or eliminate the need to super chlorinate on a regular basis.

A current model ozone generator for your pool, either in the Eclipse line for in ground pools or the Big Dipper for above ground pools, will last for up to 5 years under normal operation.  That’s a lot of peace of mind.


Flooding Poses Chemicals Danger

June 28th, 2011

The huge volumes of water we have all seen in video from North Dakota, and points south, pose obvious hazards.  Another, perhaps not so obvious, hazard is the potential threat of having dangerous chemicals polluting the water. Included in the list of hazardous chemicals are pool chemicals.

The EPA has issued a “Pre-Flood Household Hazardous Waste Prevention Checklist” to help people threatened by flood to move these materials to safer ground. We all understand that there’s a lot of important things to do when the flood threatens, but if there is time, items like oven cleaners, pool chemicals, insecticides, petroleum products, paint supplies and batteries should be secured. For the complete list, see this EPA webpage.


Consumer Reports: Another Reason to Avoid Chlorine

June 5th, 2011

As if we needed more evidence that chlorine has drawbacks as a pool disinfectant! Now, Consumer Reports is publishing that chlorine interacts with poolside equipment to increase corrosion.

In an article titled Pool Chemicals:  a Recipe for Distress for Your Deck and Grill, CR notes that pool chlorine “can corrode your grill or degrade your deck. Mix in a little dampness and a lot of foot traffic and you get a real mess.” They go on to tell us a few ways to avoid these issues – we’d add ozone to the mix to reduce the amount of chlorine in the first place, but whether you do that or not, here’s some tips on pool maintenance that might help mitigate the damage.

For the grill:

The article points out that it is almost unavoidable that the chlorine in the pool will produce chloride ions that will interact with moisture on your grill to create hydrochloric acid.  The acid will react with chromium  to corrode stainless steel.  To prevent this, CR recommends that you polish and wax the grill once a week (porcelain grills can be cleaned less often, but pay attention to their metallic trim and grill surfaces).  To reduce moisture on the grill, keep it covered unless it’s in an especially moist area (e.g., shaded) where the moisture could be trapped by the cover.

For the decking:

Foot traffic and general chemical residue can degrade decking, especially wooden decks (plastic is more resistant).  CR suggests you hose down and clean the deck with mild detergent every few days to remove chemical residues. One clue is that if water is no longer beading up on your deck, the stain or varnish has deteriorated to a susceptible level.  When re-staining decks, use a semi-opaque or opaque stain to provide the best protective barrier.

Chlorine is a corrosive chemical.  In most pools, it is still the easiest way to keep residual disinfectant power in the water, but its use can be minimized by making  ozone the primary sanitizer.


Don’t Send Your Pool Chemicals to the Landfill!

May 12th, 2011

We couldn’t resist this. The Independence, Missouri online paper for the Examiner helpfully informed community members about hazardous waste collection day. This “popular event” was on April 23 this year.  Since then, we have seen literally dozens of similar articles published in community papers with the same message:  your extra, dated, or leftover pool chemicals are a hazardous material that should be disposed of through a proper program, and not in the general landfill.

Thus, we see included in the items you might want to bring for safe disposal are your “hazardous liquids and solvents, lawn and garden products, pesticides, pool chemicals [ok, we added the emphasis], paints and related products.”

One thing you do NOT need to do with ozone is clean up after it. Left over chemicals, salt residues, spills in storage or handling, and damaged pool machinery or decking are problems you will not face because of ozone. Ozone is a clean cut character through and through.

Of course we do understand that pool chemicals are necessary. We even advocate for a minimal use of chlorine as a secondary sanitizer for residential pools because we do need to keep some oxidation potential in the water for contaminants that do not or cannot circulate through the pump. But we also advocate for keeping the use of these potentially dangerous chemicals to a minimum.

Ozone is about maintaining a safe environment for life.  That’s the most important thing.


DEL Ozone Pool Blog